Waterproofing

Waterproofing is making an object virtually impervious to water.

Contents

  

• 1 Discussion
• 2 Construction waterproofing
• 3 Oil-based waterproofing
• 4 Waterproofing of objects
• 5 Waterproofing clothing and tents
• 6 Standard

  Discussion

  Water-proof or water-resistant describes objects relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions. Such items may be used in wet environments or under water to specified depths. Waterproofingdescribes making an object waterproof or water-resistant (such as a camera, watch or mobile phone).
  "Water resistant" and "waterproof" often refer to penetration of water in its liquid state and possibly under pressure wheredamp proof refers to the resistance to humidity or dampness. Permeation of water vapor through a material or structure is reported as a water vapor 
  Waterproofing conducted on the exterior of a freeway tunnel

  Construction waterproofing

  Main article: weatherization
  In construction, a building or structure is waterproofed with the use of membranes and coatings to protect contents as well as protecting structural integrity. The waterproofing of the building envelope in construction specifications is listed under '07 - Thermal and Moisture Protection' within MasterFormat 2004, by the Construction Specifications Institute, and includes roofing material as well as waterproofing materials^{[citation needed]}. In building construction, waterproofing is a fundamental aspect of creating a building envelope which is a controlled environment.
  The roof covering materials, siding, foundations, and all of the various penetrations through these surfaces need to be water-resistant and sometimes waterproof. Roofing materials are generally designed to be water-resistant and shed water from a sloping roof, but in some conditions such as ice damming. On flat roofs the roofing must be waterproof, and many types of waterproof membrane systems are available including felt paper or tar paper with asphalt or tarto make a built-up roof, other bituminous waterproofing, EPDM rubber, hypalon, Polyvinyl chloride, liquid roofing, and more.
  
  

  Waterproofing conducted on the exterior of a freeway tunnel
  Walls are not subjected to standing water and the water-resistant membranes used as housewraps are designed to be breathable to let moisture escape. Walls also have vapor barriers or air barriers. Damp proofing is another aspect of waterproofing. Masonry walls are built with a damp-proof course to prevent rising damp and the concrete in foundations needs to be damp-proofed or waterproofed with a liquid coating, basement waterproofing membrane even under the concrete slab floor where polyethylene sheeting is commonly used, or additive to the concrete to make it waterproof. A potential problem inearth sheltered houses is too much humidity so waterproofing is critical in these houses.

  Oil-based waterproofing

  Oil-based waterproofing is generally used for roof leakage after construction and use only wall. This is like primer.

  Waterproofing of objects

  Waterproofing techniques have been implemented in several types of objects, going from different clothing products to paper packaging, cosmetics, and more recently, consumer electronics.Even though it is possible to find waterproof wrapping or other types of protective cases for electronic devices, a new technology enabled the release of diverse water-resistant smartphones and tablets in 2013.^[2] The method is based on a special nano-technology coded to be a thousand times thinner than a human hair, that prevents water damage in electronics. Several manufacturers are now using the nano-coating technique on their smartphones, tablets and digital cameras.
  A research published online October 21, 2013, in Advanced Materials, of a group of scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, proposed that nanotexturing surfaces in the form of cones produces extremelywater-repellent surfaces. These nano-cone textures are 'superhydrophobic' (or super-water-hating).

  Waterproofing clothing and tents

  Waterproofing for tents, leather and clothing such as Gore-Tex jackets or walking boots once the initial manufacturer treatment has worn out is provided by companies such as Granger's, Fabsil or Nikwax. They work by reapplying the same if not better treatment as the manufacturer. So can often restore your clothing to withstand water as good as new. Some companies manufacture chemical-based waterproofing solutions, but companies like Granger's use environmentally friendly processes whilst still assuring the same improvement in protection. Outdoor equipment manufacturer Karrimor was an innovator in the field in the 1960s, and developed nylon-elastomer fabrics that were robustly waterproof

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